Asbestosis is a non-cancerous condition causing scarring of lung tissue (around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts)
resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. It is a chronic inflammatory
medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs.
Asbestosis is a chronic
progressive disease, meaning that once these symptoms start, they generally do not get better.
Asbestosis is a chronic progressive disease that requires high exposures to asbestos over prolonged periods of time
and is characterised pathologically by interstitial fibrosis and asbestos bodies. Asbestosis
is most common in men over 40 who have worked in asbestos-related occupations. Asbestosis
is not caused by smoking effects.
Mesothelioma
The danger of asbestosis
is that it can lead to more life-threatening asbestos-related diseases such as bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer), and mesothelioma,
a cancer of the membrane lining the outside of the lungs. Mesothelioma is a malignant
form of cancer affecting the mesothelial linings in the body. Mesothelioma cancer
is an uncommon, but no longer rare, form of cancer in which cells of the mesothelium (located in the chest) become abnormal
and divide without control or order. Mesothelioma cancer is a disease that is
almost 100% preventable because the only known cause is via exposure to the deadly mineral asbestos.
While mesothelioma and
asbestosis were often thought to be interchangeable terms defining the same cancer, it is important to note that the two ailments
are very different. In fact, mesothelioma is a complication that can arise in
patients with asbestosis. The patient must remember that asbestosis is not considered
mesothelioma. However, virtually all cases of mesothelioma are linked with asbestos
exposure.
Mesothelioma is invariably
fatal; most people with mesotheliomas die within 1 to 4 years of diagnosis. Mesothelioma
is a cancer of the cells that make up the lining around the outside of the lungs and inside of the ribs (pleura), or around
the abdominal organs (peritoneum). Mesothelioma has a latency period of 20 to
50 years after the first exposure to asbestos. Mesothelioma is the most insidious
of the asbestos-related diseases in that it can affect people who have experienced low or intermittent levels of asbestos
exposure.
For many years asbestos
manufacturers have claimed that cigarette smoking caused mesothelioma, however medical research has clearly proven that mesothelioma
is caused by asbestos exposure. There are currently about 3000 new cases of mesothelioma
diagnosed per year, mostly in men over the age of 40.
Symptoms
Symptoms of mesothelioma
are: shortness of breath, pain in the lower back or side of the chest, coughing, and weight loss. Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation
of fluid in the pleura. Symptoms of asbestosis appear gradually only after large
areas of the lung become scarred. Symptoms get worse as the disease progresses
and may include: Shortness of breath; this is the first noticeable symptom and occurs with exercise or heavy effort. Cough: the cough is persistent and productive (which means mucus is loosened)Other
symptoms may include: Chest pain or tightness, Feeling generally unwell, Loss of appetite.
Finger clubbing, in some cases, caused by a build-up of fluid
The diagnosis is made
based on: Reliable history of exposure to asbestos Evidence of lung scarring and fibrosis which is based on a physical exam
and/or additional tests, Absence of other causes that may produce similar clinical pictures Tests used in diagnosis of asbestosis:
Chest X-ray, changes seen on the exam usually have a distinctive pattern, CT Scan, a type of x-ray that uses a computer to
make pictures of structures inside the body.
Asbestosis symptoms can
appear quite awhile after the exposure. In many cases symptoms do not appear
until 10 years later, and it is not rare to find the symptoms appearing 20 years after the exposure.
Treatment
Sadly, there is no treatment
to cure asbestosis, and the disease slowly worsens. Treatment is aimed at preventing
progression and relieving symptoms. Respiratory treatments can be used to remove
build-ups in the lungs. Humidifiers may help relieve the dry coughing and doctors
may recommend additional respiratory treatments to ease breathing difficulties. The
goal of treatment is to help patients breathe more easily, prevent colds and other respiratory infections, and control complications
associated with advanced disease. The main treatment used in asbestosis is oxygen
therapy, to try to increase the flow of oxygen into the body and counteract the effects of breathlessness.